GE15

BN is the oldest coalition. Its policies and ideology are based on ethnic interests, whereby the three main parties represent the Malays, Chinese and Indians respectively. Traditionally, the party’s main platform is economic and infrastructural development. They prefer maintaining the status quo in terms of policies and supporting state involvement in business. Umno is often labelled ‘centre-right’ and is the dominant party of the coalition.

After 2020, Harapan became the largest opposition block in Parliament and governs three states. Their platform promotes institutional reforms, anti-corruption, female empowerment and multiculturalism. None of the component parties claim or project dominance. It is in an informal alliance with Muda.

PN is the newest coalition, born from the “Sheraton Move” in 2020. Its most influential component parties are - Bersatu and PAS. Currently, PN governs four state governments. Other than in Kelantan and Terengganu where it governs, PN’s policy positions are still developing. It often projects itself as a “cleaner” alternative to BN.